Biomass carbonization is a process that involves heating biomass, such as wood, agricultural waste, or other organic matter, in the absence of oxygen to produce a high-carbon content material known as biochar. This process is also known as pyrolysis, and it can be done using various methods, including slow pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis, and torrefaction.
During the process of biomass carbonization, the biomass is heated to temperatures ranging from 300 to 800 degrees Celsius. This causes the organic matter to break down into gases, liquids, and solids. The gases and liquids are typically collected and used as fuel, while the solid residue, which is mainly carbon, is collected as biochar.